Day Eleven

Notes:

-Swiss Design and International Typographic style is interchangeable.

- Swiss design includes negative space of something than everything works.

- It embraces photography.

- A big social design that evolved from the Russians is constructivism.

- Swiss design had its roots in European modernism.

- A group of Swiss men(Max Gill and Theo Balmer) went to the Bauhaus and used grids into their works. 

- In 1950, Gill became involved in creating a new school of design.

- The school lasted till 1968.

- Syntactics - Order 

- Semantics - How it is referred to

- Pragmatics - How it is used

- The idea that there is no inherent meaning to anything

- Hoffman 

- Swiss Designer 

- Did some pieces for Herman Miller

- Brockmann looked for an absolute and universal track involving expression, intensity and clarity. 

- His work was easier to understand than others.

- Swiss Modernism vs NY Modernism 

- Paul Rand

- Saul Bass

- Ivan Chermeyeff

- 1940 modernism starts showing in advertising.

- Europe was theoretical and NY was pragmatic.

- Rand was originally born in Brooklyn and studied graphic design.

- Designed the UPS logo.

- Saul Bass was a huge hit in movie posters.

-Postmodernism

Personal Thoughts:

Another wrap up for review for our next test that we will be having next Tuesday. Amazed how Swiss design has taken itself this far and still continues to do so. It was become so wide spread.

Day Ten

Notes:

- Herbert Matter created the first transition from Bauhaus into a Swiss Design. 

- He was a photographer and graphic designer.

- He was influenced by the New York School of designers and influenced in imagery, reflective imagery and scale shift.

- In 1936, he came into the U.S. 

- He worked for a furniture company where he used abstraction.

- Lester Beal was a Kansas City native. 

- He had a degree in art but he was mostly self-taught.

- In 1935, he moved to New York City and was involved in the cooperate design movement.

- He was one who liked playing with visual contrast and elements.

- He used forms that were not actually existing but instead used negative space.

- Beal worked to try and communicate the idea of rural electrification for America. 

- At one point, Beal ran a PR campaign 

- WPA(largest new deal agency created by Roosevelt and was the effort to try to employ millions of Americans).

- They began to build roads and bridges but had a whole branch dedicated to the arts because they too were out of work.

- The employees began making posters which was a huge step to modernism in the U.S.

- These posters included simple abstraction with the color of the paper playing a big role in composition.

- The posters geared towards every aspects of life from jobs to houses.

Personal Thoughts:

Its amazing how most things of art were brought into the U.S. Also if jobs today were the same way they were back then, more people would be employed and wouldn't have to worry about homeless as much. The film was very interesting and self clearly detailed.

Day Nine

Notes:

- Bauahus 1919 - 1933

- 14 years

- 33 Faculty

- 1250 Students

- 1919 - 1925(Weimar) 

- 1923 - First Public Exhibition 

- 1924 - Letter of resignation

- 1925 - 1932(Daussau)

- 1932 - 1933(Berlin)

-  Utopian desire to create new spiritual society

- Unity of Artists & Craftsmen to build for the future

- Ideas from all of the Advanced Art & Design Movements were explored and applied to functional design

- Paul Klee

- Moholy Nagy

- Johannas Itten

- Herbert Reyer

- Walter Gropius - First director of the Bauhaus 

- Soldier for the first World War

- While he was in the war he was thinking of creating a new school 

- Wood cut illustration

- Council of Masters

- Gerhard Marks (Sculpture/Pottery Shop)

- Lyonel Feringer (Painting) 

- Johannes Itten (Preliminary Courses)

- Johannes Itten

- Contrast started becoming a big thing

- Constructivism and Cubism  

- In 1923 Poster that the first advertises 

- This is the first time the world gets to see what actually goes on in the Bauhaus

- Moholy Nagy

- Hungarian Constructivist 

- He had incredible influence in the Bauhaus

- He thought letter forms are one of the most important part of design

- Designer a typophoto  

- Emphasis was and absolute clarity

- In Dessau its all about creating for industry

- They stand producing books

- Making books was a way to start spreading ideas

- Herbert Bayer

- Made a universal alphabet 

- No capital letters

- The idea was not successful

- He makes a poster for the 60th birthday for Kandinsky 

- In 1928 they wall leave the school (Gropius, Nagy and Bayer)

- They al leave for the good of the school

- He hires Hannes Meyer

- He doesn't last long because it just comes messy

- Ludwig Miles van der Rohe

- From a school called Blood and Soul

- Jan Tschichold

- Hand letter advertisement for a trade fair

- He studied calligraphy

-  Son of a designer and a painter 

- 1923 Tschichold goes to the Bauhaus exhibition 

- 1925 writing and publishing a 24 page insert that explains the new typography to printers

- 1928 he writes the a new book called "The New Typography"

- The aim of every typographic work to be the delivery of a message in the shortest most efficient matter

- Very interest in geometry

- Jan was harassed by the Nazi's for his typography 

- His book was eventually confiscated for the protection of society 

- He has to leave the country

- Works for Penguin Books

- He eventually moves to Switzerland 

Personal Thoughts: 

Todays class was just a wrap up of what we've learned over the past few weeks to be prepared for the teest next week. It amazed me how the Bauhaus was moved from three different locations in over a fourteen year span and now doesn't even exist anymore. Constructivism was a big thing back in this time period and so was cubism. A universal alphabet was attempted to be created but unfortunately became unsuccessful.  

Day Eight

Notes:

- El Lissitzky

- Started as a pioneer

- Influence Dischtil and Bauhaus  

- Piron 

- Beat the whites with the red wedge was a famous work from Lissitzky

- Grids are best described as a system of rules

- Class structure

- Lissitzky's artwork was very geometric

- His work is todays idea of page designing

- Modern concepts including sans serif type and used white space

- Kandinski is best for abstraction 

- Alexander Rochanko

- Rochanko attended to an art school until 1914

- Line and circle compositions using ink

- Eventually went into constructivism

- Alexanders work includes modern graphics with boldness that conveys simples messages 

- Destijl 1917-1931

- Based on Utopian to Esthetics 

- Primary colors including black and white

- Greatest member was Piet Mondrian

- Expressed math structures

- Style that was applied to just about everything

- Bauhaus

- A school that created a new future in art and brought artists and craftsmen together

- Only was around for 14 years but is still known for its appearance today

Personal Thoughts: 

The movies were all very interesting and explained in detail what they all were about. It inspired me how art has come over time and will grow more and more. I start to realize as each week we learn something new, all artists revolve their work around abstraction or geometric shapes with bold colors. Another thing is how Bauahus hasn't been around since 1914 but is still very known for its achievements.

Day Seven

Notes:

-Vienna 

- Roller

- Art Show

- 1902 flat Japanese pattern work

- Their trying to be new and different

- Pushing bounds with typography

- Abstract, Motifs

- This work is revolving us towards a more poster style

- AEG - German Power Company

- First person believed to run with San Serif type

- Also believed to be the first comprehensive identity 

- Pioneers in the idea of 

- Peter Barons influenced by a new professor

- Geometric proportions specifically with circles and squares

- In 1906, Peter designs the new pavilion expedition

- AVG hired Barons and became the artistic advisor

- In 1908, he files copyright for a logo

- The logo he develops is seen as a metaphor with a honeycomb working to a greater good and having their own job

- He develops there should be a consistent logo, typeface and layout

- He takes the idea interchangeable parts and applies to products of electric company

- Turbine hall is used to generate the power

- In 1890, there is the first electric underground vehicles 

-Lucian Bernhard

- When he was 14, he goes to an art exhibition 

- When his parents were away, he decided to re-paint the house with the colors he saw in the show

- He was then put on the street because his parents did not appreciate him

- He then became a starving painter

- His design won the contest and became famous

- Lucian's designs were abstract, modernist

- Placa is poster paint

- Placa Stil is poster style

- Early propaganda for U Boats

- All posters are more about illustration

- Most reproduced poster of all times, Uncle Sam

- Ludwig Hohlwein

- Masterful poster designer

- His work and achievements are overshadowed with the losing team

- Hitler did not like his approach to design

- Hitler believes the allies have much posters 

- He believed that posters should speak to the least sophisticated masses

- Emotional impact using contrast (UND DU?)

- Edward Mcknight Kauffer 

- He does a series of posters showing the underground

- This work included flat planes and abstractions

- Cubism has its early day in the 1900's

- A.M. Cassander

- Lived from 1901-1968

- Applies rational geometry to his posters

- He is a masterful at poster designs as well

- Sophisticated abstract to communicate ideas

- Famous poster Dubonnet

- Suprematism  - about art for arts sake

- Rejects utilitarian function

- Rejects pictorial representation

-Tatlin

-Rodchanco

- Lazar Markovich Lissitzky

Personal Thoughts: 

Todays class, we learned about multiple artists who designed different posters. Each poster from the designers contained typography, geometric circles and squares, abstraction, and flat patterns. One the most reproduced poster to this day is the "I Want You" with "Uncle Sam". A lost of these artists were masterful poster designers. Hitler believed that posters should speak to the least sophisticated masses. A poster that was once used was for propaganda U Boats during WWI. 

Day Six

Notes:

- John Ruskin - Born in 1819

- He became the philosophical leader for the Arts and Crafts Movement

- One of the leaders that calls for social reform

- He asked the question, how can you consciously structure a society s that the members of the society can maintain a noble and happy existence

- Beginning of Socialism

- He had the base ideas that things are valuable because they are beautiful 

- He also pointed to the idea of the Cathedral (example of unions perfect society)

- William Morris

- Published his first set of poems when he was 24

- His father was a wealthy merchant

- He was well known for his pattern works

- He was a socialist

- Books arts start to become a popular trend

- Morris designs three of his own type faces

1. Golden

2. Troy

3. Chaucer

- He designed over 644 illustration blocks

- He did initials, borders, and frame title pages

- Aubrey Beardsley

- He was the "Bad Boy" in art

- He was one that was greatly influenced by William Morris

- High contrast and dark sexual in his images

- His work starts becoming more naturalistic 

- Alfonse Mucha

- When he started off, he got a job at a print shop doing lithography 

- Art Nouveau and Much style used interchangeably 

- He defines what art Nouveau is 

- In 1895, the item is called Le Style Modern

- This holds until a gallery called Art Nouveau comes along

- Hair was big in design along in the tile work

- Gestures was used a lot in design

- The form is abstractive 

- Its kind of slow to catch on the idea of Art Nouveau

- Will Bradley

- First expressions of Nouveau

- He shows abstraction and black and white colors

- Bradley starts using abstract simple form

- He is influenced by some Japanese wood cuts

- He starts getting "full of himself" and starts putting "Bradley"

- Bradley adds a lot of patter in looks flat but at the same time the line allows you to see the dimensions

- A lot of of his cover pages shows wealthy people

- Peter Barons

- Barons was famous for his wood block prints

- In Scotland there is the Glasgow School

- This certain refers to a particular movement

- The school is built around 4 different people

- Margaret and Francis McDonalds

- Herbert McNair and Charles Rennie Macintosh

- The work that they are doing is geometric, is has a curvilinear elements

- They like stylized forms

- The pair of guys and girls marry each other

-Talwin Morris

- He takes the ideas and gives a practical expression

-Secessionstill means style 

- Gustav Klimt and Koloman Moser 

Personal Thoughts: 

Todays class was interesting. We learned about a good list of designers and how each of them have made an impact to type and graphics. Some of these designers are well known for creating expressions, block prints, wood cuts and etc. A top of the line art school in Scotland is revolved around four people. (two females and two males). Three type faces were created by William Morris: Golden, Troy and Chaucer. Some designers also used black and white and abstraction in their work. 

Day Five

Notes:

- Cuneiform show as pictures transforming abstract symbols

- Roman closes to what out characteristics are today

- Capitalis Quadrata- Square capitals

- Cpitalis Rustica- Rustic capitals

- Caroline minuscules from the Alcuin bible

- Book of Kells- created around 800 AD 

- Wood printing- Xylography (earliest expressions) 

- Ars Memorandi are examples of block books

- Quadrutica rust- n is slanted downwards

- Textura black letter and gothic can be used synominously

- Guttenberg brings everything together

- Ligature is two letter from combined (ex. fl)

- Incunabula- first 50 years of printing

- Steven Daye brings printing to the colonies in 1639 he was near illiterate 

- Daye's First book printed was the whole book of psalms 

- Louis Simoneau worked out his letterforms as a mathematical equation

- Bodoni is related to the cotton gin because of its interchangeable parts

- Linotype replaced compositors 

- In 1841 John Hooper opened his own advertising agency 

- Ephemera wasn't intended to be saved (scrap)

- Victorians give us toy books

- Randolph Caldercott award was given in his honor for children's books

Personal Thoughts: 

Todays class wasn't a day where we went over new notes. We had a review of what we need to expect on the test for next week. This is a good way for us to be prepared for the test because we will know what to expect and not have to go back and study so much that won't even intend to the test.